An optimized Eulerian–Lagrangian method for two-phase flow with coarse particles: Implementation in open-source field operation and manipulation, verification, and validation

The solid–liquid two-phase flow with coarse particles is ubiquitous in natural phenomena and engineering practice, which characterized by particles, high particle concentration, large size distribution. In this work, the numerical models describing flows are reviewed, given that Eulerian–Lagrangian method applicable work. Then, some modified proposed for situation where conventional not to deal particles. continuous phase equations of liquid solved based on finite volume method. pressure implicit splitting operators algorithm solving Navier–Stokes (N–S) pseudo-single-phase flow, considering fraction momentum exchange source term, proposed. discrete tracked Lagrangian A virtual mass distribution function calculating fraction. weighted relating interpolation between Eulerian fields. barycentric coordinates introduced into localization. All algorithmically implanted open-source field operation manipulation (OpenFOAM) as a new solver named FOAM (CoarseDPMFoam). Subsequently, applicability simulation verified typical test cases. provides ideas methods mechanism investigation application